Roland Huntford: Shackleton (Groot-Brittannië, 1985): 697 blz: Uitgeverij Hodder & Stoughton
Na zijn terugkeer van de "Farthest South" expeditie was Shackleton een held. Shackleton had nog niet genoeg van zijn poolreizen.
Shackleton wilde nog steeds de eerste man op de Zuidpool zijn. Na de succesvolle expeditie van de Noor Amundsen en de tragedie van de expeditie van kapitein Scott wilde Shackleton als eerste een oversteek dwars over Antarctica maken.
Hij had als schip de "Endurance". Net toen de eerste Wereldoorlog uitbrak voer Shackleton uit. Zijn schip strandde in het pakijs en zonk. Shackleton moest zichzelf en zijn manschappen in veiligheid zien te brengen. Met een enorm doorzettingsvermogen en dankzij een fantastisch leiderschap slaagde hij hier in.
De overlevingstocht van Shackleton en zijn mannen is één van de meest indrukwekkende verhalen die ik ooit heb gelezen. Ik heb meerdere versies van dit verhaal gelezen, maar geen enkele is zo fascinerend en veelzijdig geschreven als in deze biografie van Huntford.
Citaten:
- The real, largely unsung courage of Shackleton was that he had turned back. He was prepared to live with the might-have-been. "Only 97 miles off," as he expressed it to Elspeth Beardmore, "You can realise my feelings."
To Emily, in her own words,
The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole, was "a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?" and I said "Yes darling, as far as I am concerned," and we left it at that.
Shackleton over zijn beslissing om terug te keren:
- "Death lay ahead and food behind, so I had to return."
-
From the expedition's birth, two tales have been handed down. ... The
other tale is that Shackleton put this advertisement in the press:
Men
wanted for Hazardous Journey. Small wages, bitter cold, long months of
complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful. Honour and
recognition in case of succes.
- Also ahead of his time in another field, Shackleton wanted dehydrated food to save weight on the march.
-
On 11 december, Endurance again found the pack. This time it could not
be turned. The ship was put straight in. Once more, Shackleton was in
the half world, neither land nor sea, where ice floes, like giant
gleaming shields, swarmed over grey waters. Once more, he saw seal and
penguins spread over the ice, whales blowing in the leads, and strange
Antarctic birds swooping overhead. To the ordinary ship's sounds of
water-squelch, creak of timbers, thrum of rigging, squeak of halyards
easing through tackle and the flap-flap of sails filling to the wind,
was added the rasp of ice against wood and the throb of engines as steam
was raised to pick a way ahead through zigzag channels.
- Since Nimrod Shackleton's feeling had grown that science on a expedition of his kind was regrettably necessary humbug.
-
"To serve such a leader," Orde-Lees wrote as they were still sailing
south, "is one of the greatest pleasures of the whole trip; he expects
his orders to be literally & promptly obeyed but he knows one's
linitations better than one does oneself ald he invariably allows for
them, he never expects one to do more than one is capable of, he trusts
one implicitly and he always appears to be pleased with what one has
done."
- "It must have been a moment of bitter disappointment to Shackleton," wrote Macklin; "he had lost his ship, and with her any chance of crossing the Antarctic Continent,
but he shewed it neither in word or manner. As always with him what had happened had happened: it ws in the past and he looked to the future ... without emotion, melodrama or excitement he said "ship and stores have gone - so now we'll go home.""
- "His first thought," Greenstreet said, "was for the men under him. He didn't care if he went without a shirt on his back so long as the men he was leading had sufficient clothing. He was a wonderful man that way; you felt that the party mattered more than anything else."
- He longed to leave the ice; yet he knew that, except to ships, the ice was at heart friendly. It gave food, shelter, drink, and something solid underfoot. It kept the waters calm. The open sea, which was the sole avenue of escape, he knew only too well, as a seaman, was ruthless, implacable and hostile.
- What Hurley and James had so unwillingly moved into, was a mixture of a hell-ship's fo'c'sle and some unsavoury slum. The penetration of snow-drift through cracks and crevices, though uncomfortable, was at least a whiff of cleansing. When that was finally stopped, the dirt and overcrowding were unrelieved. Rapidly, the most refine sense of smell adjusted to the blend of foetid, unventilated room, rancid blubber, bodies unwashed and clothes unchanged for six months, and guano slowly thawing underfoot to make up the distinctive aroma of the place.
- Only a chance gleam of light revelead that liquid from dirty drying socks, together with a stream from the nose of Green, the cook, was frequently discharging into the cooking pot.
-
His narrow escapes on the Discovery and Nimrod expeditions had
underlined for Shackleton how food, sleep and warmth were necessary for
life. It was possible to survive without two, but not without all three.
His only choice on the James Caird was to depend on food. He gave his
men all they wanted to eat. There were two hot meals a day. With each he
allowed nut food, a sledging biscuit each, and four lumps of sugar. In
between meals, every four hours, he had a drink of hot dried milk served
all round.


